DDR provisions in peace agreements: Global trends, 1975–2021

Since the 1980s, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) provisions in peace agreements (PAs) have become crucial components of international peacebuilding efforts following the end of civil wars. However, our understanding of DDR programmes and their potential impact on peace has been limited by the absence of systematic data. Based on data from the new DDR dataset (Palik et al., 2025), this policy brief examines DDR provisions in peace agreements between 1975 and 2021 and describes the key global trends that emerge. The trends and limitations identified by the DDR dataset can inform the design and implementation of DDR provisions and contribute to further peacebuilding efforts.