The third edition of Understanding Modern Warfare reflects significant shifts in the character of war. Situating strategy and warfare across the five domains – land, sea, air, space, and cyber – the six authors offer a comprehensive account of an updated strategic environment marked by intensified great-power competition and a return to high-intensity war.  The revised version engages more fully with technological transformations, as joint, cyber, and hybrid warfare have become central to military thought.  The following observations focus on two new chapters. Chapter 18 on Joint Warfare offers a conceptually rich discussion of the operational level of war. Yet, the emphasis on how multi-domain capabilities is planned and coordinated become less pronounced as the discussion progresses. For instance, the section on Combined Operations could have given greater attention to the practical challenges of multinational participation. Such arrangements often fragment command structures and impede the planning and execution of joint operations. ISAF operations in Afghanistan, for example, were shaped by no less than about 170 national caveats. Political compromises undermine unity of command and unity of effort in joint warfare. Incorporating such examples could have strengthened the chapter’s usability for a new generation of military students and practitioners. Chapter 20 offers a conceptually rich discussion of hybrid warfare and grey zone activities. While the chapter effectively outlines key theoretical frameworks, the discussion makes limited reference to recent developments. This is noteworthy given that datasets identify at least 150–200 Russian-linked hybrid operations across Europe since 2022, including sabotage, arson, and other forms of sub-threshold coercion. Overall,  however, Understanding Modern Warfare remains essential reading for those seeking to understand how warfare evolves in contemporary politics.