ISBN: 978-8-89616-016-8
Bart Schuurman
Leiden University
Research on terrorism and political violence has identified numerous structural influences conducive to ‘radicalization’, or the processes through which groups and individuals come to view violence as a necessary instrument of socio-political change. Such influences include lack of political representation, economic precarity, and violent protest policing. Although it has long been recognized that the (vast) majority of people exposed to such influences will not radicalize, extant research on this subject has prioritized the small minority that do. The principal value of this edited volume is that it flips this question. Rather than examining what makes the radicalizing minority stand out, the authors ask how the majority is able to resist such influences. After clarifying some fundamentals, such as how they view the ‘enabling environments’ which may spur radicalization, the book offers a series of case studies looking at high-precarity regions in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans. Several lessons are drawn about how populations living in precarity are able (by and large) to avoid radicalization. The volume suggests the importance of governmental stability over democratic credentials, the stabilizing influence of the (promise of) economic development, and the absence of destabilizing Western military interventions, such as those that occurred in Afghanistan and Iraq. Despite the book’s curious lack of in-depth engagement with nascent scholarship on the non-occurrence of terrorism among radicalized individuals (e.g., Gary LaFree et al., 2018, Correlates of Violent Political Extremism in the United States. Criminology 56(2): 233-268), it makes a very welcome contribution to our understanding of resilience in the face of radicalizing influences.